Out, Out by Robert Frost - 782 Words

Robert Frosts poem â€Å"Out, Out,† paints a strange and bizarre death image to readers; A young boys death due to a carnivorous chainsaw who sought blood, slicing the boys hand off. Robert makes readers understand why he would paint such a tragic accident with various narrative elements, such as personification, many signs of imagery, emotions, and perceptions throughout the story. Also, Frost references William Shakespeare’s work, â€Å"Macbeth.† This gives readers who have read Macbeth before, an idea of what’s to come in the end of the poem, the feeling of sadness and death. This analysis will show the main theme of the boys death, who died doing the work of a man. Robert Frost starts out by showing readers the year and location; 1945, New England, Vermont. This is the period where World War I occurs, however, Frost does not describe the land destroyed and covered with dead bodies, instead Vermont is a place where exists; â€Å"Five Mountain ranges on e behind the other under the sunset far into Vermont.† This makes readers understand that this place is located in a beautiful place out in the wilderness away from war. The location is very significant to the story, I have done a bit of research about Frosts life; Frost was forced to return to America due to the war in 1915, a war that would have killed hundreds of innocent little boys. With this being said, the reader now understands why the boy in the poem is located in a place like Vermont in a time of war, and why the boy in theShow MoreRelatedOut Out by Robert Frost548 Words   |  2 PagesRobert Frost is the author of Out Out--, â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, and Nothing Gold can Stay. His literary work communicates deep meaning through the use of metaphoric language and deception. Being raised most of his life on a farm; his works perceive the natural life of a normal person while out in nature. â€Å"Frost believes that the emphasis on everyday life al lows him to communicate with his readers more clearly; they can empathize with the struggles and emotions that are expressed inRead MoreAnalysis Of Out, Out By Robert Frost727 Words   |  3 PagesIn Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Out, Out† an overwhelming theme of agony can be sensed as Frost incorporates his personal experiences with loss and his views on society into the narrative of this literary work. Frost uses the depiction of innocence through a young boy who suffers a fatal accident to metaphorically embed his personal struggles with the death of his two children into the poem. The section of the poem that will be analyzed is the final ten lines (25-34). The significance of this section inRead MoreAnalysis Of Out, Out By Robert Frost780 Words   |  4 PagesOut, Out and the Responsibilities of age Responsibilities may not seem very harmful, but not adhering to these responsibilities can lead to dire consequences. Said responsibilites are much more prominent in the teenage years of life. For example: driving, getting offered drugs and/or alcohol, and intercourse are all situations that teenagers might find themselves in. These situations may not be inherently bad, but because teenagers are new drivers, too young and inexperienced to properly care forRead MoreOut, Out by Robert Frost Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesOut, Out Out, Out, by Robert Frost is a gruesomely graphic and emotional poem about the tragic end of a young boys life. It is a powerful expression about the fragility of life and the fact that death can come at any time. Death is always devastating, but it is even more so when the victim is just a young boy. The fact that the boys death came right before he could Call it a day (750) leads one to think the tragedy might have been avoided and there by forces the reader to think, WhatRead MorePoem, Birches And Out, Out By Robert Frost1116 Words   |  5 PagesTheme, Figurative Speech and Tones in â€Å"Birches† and â€Å"Out, Out† by Robert Frost Robert Frost was born in 1874 in San Francisco. Descended from the New Englanders generations, his parents, make Robert Frost is much associated with New England. In addition, most of his poems were well-known as a reflection from New England life. Despite that, he was a kind of subtle poet and generally recognized as a private man. Moreover, his appearance at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy to recite â€Å"The Gift Outright†Read More Analysis of Out, Out by Robert Frost Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Out, Out by Robert Frost Robert Frost tells a disturbing story in Out, Out, --, in which a little boy loses his life. The title of the poem leaves the reader to substitute the last word of the title, which some would assume would be out because of the repetition. The title is referring to the boy exiting the living world. Frost drags the readers mind into the poem with the imagistic description of the tools and atmosphere the little boy is surrounded by. Frost describesRead More Appeal of Robert Frosts Out Out Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesinteresting and appealing poems is Robert Frost’s â€Å"Out, Out†. The poem has the ability to make the reader visualize an event in vivid detail without making it into a short story. The poem depicts a very dramatic scene and makes it seem as if the reader is really there. Poems are generally thought to be about love and feelings, but some poems can actually be like a short story; these are called narrative poems, which means that they tell a story. The poem â€Å"Out, Out† is a great example of a narrativeRead MoreLooking Out By Robert Frost2826 Words   |  12 Pageshas found its thought and the thought has found words.† (Robert Frost) Expressing emotions is a very important thing that we do in our lives, everyone also has a different way they express emotions. In the quote by Robert Frost he says that he expresses his emotions through writing poetry. The way people express emotions is very important in their lives, it can improve or destroy many interpersonal relationships. In the book â€Å" Looking Out, Looking in† it talks about how people express emotions toRead MoreDisabled by Wilfred Owen and Out, Out by Robert Frost1516 Words   |  6 PagesCompare how the theme of loss is communicated in the poems â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen and ‘Out, Out –‘by Robert Frost In both of the poems â€Å"Out, Out’’ and ‘’Disabled’ ’has a similar theme of loss and is shown throughout each poem. Both of the poem deals with the subject of physical loss. The characters of these poems both experience losses from an accident. They create an effect, where the audience will show empathy to the two poems. In order to create this outstanding effect, they both used similarRead More A Comparison of The death of a hired man and Out, Out- by Robert Frost1199 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of The death of a hired man and Out, Out- by Robert Frost Robert frost was born in Vermont in 1874 and died in 1963. Robert Frost was a farmer and lived in Vermont, USA. Both poems The death of a hired man and Out, Out- are set on a farm in Vermont which is probably because of where Robert Frost lived and worked. I will know begin to discuss the similarities. As I said previously both poems are set in a farm enviroment. The poem The death of a hired man is probably set

Using Math to Find a Way to Beat the Game A Knight´s Tour

I chose this specific topic because I was interested to know if there was an actual mathematical way of beating the game called â€Å"A Knight’s Tour†. Whenl was first introduced to this game in my research for an internal assessment topic, I was rather intrigued by its goal that was required for each player to attempt to achieve. I thought that the game wouldn’t be too terribly hard because I knew fluently how the knight moved and thought that I would be able to move it in certain patterns across the board that would allow me to complete the knight’s tour. Although the goal of the game seemed easily obtainable at first glance, as I continued to play the game and take myself on a lnight’s tour, I came to conclusion that it would be nearly impossible to beat without having an algorithm to base each move off of. With each attempt at the game, I try different movements that might help to beat â€Å"a Knight’s Tour† but always end up landi ng on the same square more than once because I run out of moves, or failing to beat the game in the required 63 moves or less. After coming as close as 69 moves at the end of the tour, l decided to research the game more thoroughly and attempt to find a solution to the game without cheating, but using math based algorithms to help guide each rnovet The Rules ef A Knighfis Tour The rules seem simple at first because the player is supposed to move their knight piece in any direction, starting in the top lett corner, and make the knight land in each squareShow MoreRelatedCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesresold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published, without the prior consent of the Publishers. 2  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Using this Manual Planning Your Approach Designing the Teaching Scheme A Guide to Using the Work Assignments A Guide to Using the Case Studies Strategy Lenses The Exploring Strategy Website A Guide to Using the Video Material Exploring Strategy Teachers’Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageseditorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. 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Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestheir wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, C onnor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-Tor for the joy and pride they give me. Finally, to my muse, Neil, for the faith and inspiration he instills. E.W.L Preface Since youRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. 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Computational Efficiency of Polar Free Essays

string(127) " the n component multivariate normal with D = I , just take the components of Y to be independent univariate standard normals\." Lecture Notes on Monte Carlo Methods Fall Semester, 2005 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, NYU Jonathan Goodman, goodman@cims. nyu. edu Chapter 2: Simple Sampling of Gaussians. We will write a custom essay sample on Computational Efficiency of Polar or any similar topic only for you Order Now created August 26, 2005 Generating univariate or multivariate Gaussian random variables is simple and fast. There should be no reason ever to use approximate methods based, for example, on the Central limit theorem. 1 Box Muller It would be nice to get a standard normal from a standard uniform by inverting the distribution function, but there is no closed form formula for this distribution 2 x unction N (x) = P (X x) = v1 ? e? x /2 dx . The Box Muller method is a 2 brilliant trick to overcome this by producing two independent standard normals from two independent uniforms. It is based on the familiar trick for calculating ? 2 e? x I= /2 dx . This cannot be calculated by â€Å"integration† – the inde? nite integral does not have an algebraic expression in terms of elementary functions (exponentials, logs, trig functions). However, ? 2 e? x I2 = ? /2 e? y dx 2 ? /2 ? 2 e? (x dy = +y 2 )/2 dxdy . The last integral can be calculated using polar coordinates x = r cos (? ), y = r sin(? with area element dxdy = rdrd? , so that 2? I2 = r = 0? e? r 2 /2 rdrd? = 2? r = 0? e? r 2 /2 rdr . ? =0 Unlike the original x integral, this r integral is elementary. The substitution s = r2 /2 gives ds = rdr and ? e? s ds = 2? . I 2 = 2? s=0 The Box Muller algorithm is a probabilistic interpretation of this trick. If (X, Y ) is a pair of independent standard normals, then the probability density is a product: 2 2 1 1 ? (x2 +y2 )/2 1 e . f (x, y ) = v e? x /2  · v e? y /2 = 2? 2? 2? 1 Since this density is radially symmetric, it is natural to consider the polar coordinate random variables (R, ? de? ned by 0 ? ? 2? and X = R cos(? ), and Y = R sin(? ). Clearly ? is uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 2? ] and may be sampled using ? = 2? U1 . Unlike the original distribution function N (x), there is a simple expression for the R distribution function: 2? r G(R) = P (R ? r) = r =0 ?=0 r 1 ? r 2 /2 e rdrd? = 2? e? r 2 /2 rdr . r =0 The same change of variable r 2 /2 = s, r dr = ds (so that r = r when s = r2 /2) allows us to calculate r 2 /2 e? s dx = 1 ? e? r G(r) = 2 /2 . s=0 Therefore, we may sample R by solving the distribution function equation1 G(R) = 1 ? e? R 2 /2 = 1 ? U2 , whose solution is R = ? 2 ln(U2 ). Altogether, the Box Muller method takes independent standard uniform random variables U1 and U2 and produces independent standard normals X and Y using the formulas ? = 2? U1 , R = ?2 ln(U2 ) , X = R cos(? ) , Y = R sin(? ) . (1) It may seem odd that X and Y in (13) are independent given that they use the same R and ?. Not only does our algebra shows that this is true, but we can test the independence computationally, and it will be con? rmed. Part of this method was generating a point â€Å"at random† on the unit circle. We suggested doing this by choosing ? niformly in the interval [0, 2? ] then taking the point on the circle to be (cos(? ), sin(? )). This has the possible drawback that the computer must evaluate the sine and cosine functions. Another way to do this2 is to choose a point uniformly in the 2 ? 2 square ? 1 ? x ? 1, 1 ? y ? 1 then rejecting it if it falls outside the unit circle. The ? rst accepted point will be uniformly distributed in the unit disk x2 + y 2 ? 1, so its angle will be random and uniformly distributed. The ? nal step is to get a point on the unit circle x2 + y 2 = 1 by dividing by the length. The methods have equal accuracy (both are exact in exact arithmetic). What distinguishes them is computer performance (a topic discussed more in a later lecture, hopefully). The rejection method, with an acceptance probability ? ? 4 78%, seems e? cient, but rejection can break the instruction pipeline and slow a computation by a factor of ten. Also, the square root needed to compute 1 Recall that 1 ? U2 is a standard uniform if U2 is. for example, in the dubious book Numerical Recipies. 2 Suggested, 2 the length may not be faster to evaluate than sine and cosine. Moreover, the rejection method uses two uniforms while the ? method uses just one. The method can be reversed to solve another sampling problem, generating a random point on the â€Å"unit spnere† in Rn . If we generate n independent standard normals, then the vector X = (X1 , . . . , Xn ) has all angles equally n likely (because the probability density is f (x) = v1 ? exp(? (x2 + ·  ·  ·+x2 )/2), n 1 2 which is radially symmetric. Therefore X/ X is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere, as desired. 1. 1 Other methods for univariate normals The Box Muller method is elegant and reasonably fast and is ? ne for casual omputations, but it may not be the best method for hard core users. Many software packages have native standard normal random number generators, which (if they are any good) use expertly optimized methods. There is very fast and accurate software on the web for directly inverting the normal distribution function N (x). This is particularly important for qua si Monte Carlo, which substitutes equidistributed sequences for random sequences (see a later lecture). 2 Multivariate normals An n component multivariate normal, X , is characterized by its mean  µ = E [X ] and its covariance matrix C = E [(X ?  µ)(X ?  µ)t ]. We discuss the problem of generating such an X with mean zero, since we achieve mean  µ by adding  µ to a mean zero multivariate normal. The key to generating such an X is the fact that if Y is an m component mean zero multivariate normal with covariance D and X = AY , then X is a mean zero multivariate normal with covariance t C = E X X t = E AY (AY ) = AE Y Y t At = ADAt . We know how to sample the n component multivariate normal with D = I , just take the components of Y to be independent univariate standard normals. You read "Computational Efficiency of Polar" in category "Essay examples" The formula X = AY will produce the desired covariance matrix if we ? nd A with AAt = C . A simple way to do this in practice is to use the Choleski decomposition from numerical linear algebra. This is a simple algorithm that produces a lower triangular matrix, L, so that LLt = C . It works for any positive de? nite C . In physical applications it is common that one has not C but its inverse, H . This would happen, for example, if X had the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution with kT = 1 (it’s easy to change this) and energy 1 X t HX , and probability 2 1 density Z exp(? 1 X t HX ). In large scale physical problems it may be impracti2 cal to calculate and store the covariance matrix C = H ? though the Choleski factorization H = LLt is available. Note that3 H ? 1 = L? t L? 1 , so the choice 3 It is traditional to write L? t for the transpose of L? 1 , which also is the inverse of Lt . 3 A = L? t works. Computing X = L? t Y is the same as solving for X in the equation Y = Lt X , which is the process of back substitution in numerical linear algebra. In some applications one knows the eigenvectors of C (which also are the eigenvectors of H ), and the corresponding eigenvalues. These (either the eigenvectors or the eigenvectors and eigenvalues) sometimes are called principal com2 ponents. Let qj be the eigenvectors, normalized to be orthonormal, and ? j the corresponding eigenvalues of C , so that 2 Cqj = ? j qj , t qj qk = ? jk . t Denote the qj component of X by Zj = qj X . This is a linear function of X and t therefore Gaussian with mean zero. It’s variance (note: Zj = Zj = X t qj ) is 2 t t t 2 E [Zj ] = E [Zj  · Zj ] = qj E [XX t ]qj = qj Cqj = ? j . A similar calculation shows that Zj and Zk are uncorrelated and hence (as components of a multivariate normal) independent. Therefore, we can generate Yj as independent standard normals and sample the Zj using Zj = ? j Yj . (2) After that, we can get an X using Zj qj . X= (3) j =1 We restate this in matrix terms. Let Q be the orthogonal matrix whose columns are the orthonormal eigenvectors of C , and let ? 2 be the diagonal ma2 trix with ? j in the (j, j ) diagonal position. The eigenvalue/eigenvector relations are CQ = Q? 2 , Qt Q = I = QQt . (4) The multivariate normal vector Z = Qt X then has covariance m atrix E [ZZ t ] = E [Qt XX t Q] = Qt CQ = ? 2 . This says that the Zj , the components of Z , are 2 independent univariate normals with variances ? j . Therefore, we may sample Z by choosing its components by (14) and then reconstruct X by X = QZ , which s the same as (15). Alternatively, we can calculate, using (17) that t C = Q? 2 Qt = Q Qt = (Q? ) (Q? ) . Therefore A = Q? satis? es AAt = C and X = AY = Q? Y = QZ has covariance C if the components of Y are independent standard univariate normals or 2 the components of Z are independent univariate normals with variance ? j . 3 Brownian motion examples We illustrate these ideas for various kids of Brownian motion. Let X (t) be a Brownian motion path. Choose a ? nal time t and a time step ? t = T /n. The 4 observation times will be tj = j ? t and the observations (or observation values) will be Xj = X (tj ). These observations may be assembled into a vector X = (X1 , . . . , Xn )t . We seek to generate sample observation vectors (or observation paths). How we do this depends on the boundary conditions. The simplest case is standard Brownian motion. Specifying X (0) = 0 is a Dirichlet boundary condition at t = 0. Saying nothing about X (T ) is a free (or Neumann) condition at t = T . The joint probability density for the observation vector, f (x) = f (x1 , . . . , xn ), is found by multiplying the conditional densities. Given Xk = X (tk ), the next observation Xk+1 = X (tk + ? ) is Gaussian with mean Xk and variance ? t, so its conditional density is v 2 1 e? (xk+1 ? Xk ) /2? t . 2? ?t Multiply these together and use X0 = 0 and you ? nd (with the convention x0 = 0) f (x1 , . . . , xn ) = 3. 1 1 2? ?t n/2 exp ?1 2 ? Deltat n? 1 (xk+1 ? xk )2 . (5) k=0 The random walk method The simplest and possibly best way to generate a sample observation path, X , comes from the derivation of (1). First generate X1 = X (? t) as a mean zero v univariate normal with mean zero and variance ? t, i. e. X1 = ? tY1 . Given X1 , X2 is a univariate normal with mean X1 and variance ? , so we may v take X2 = X1 + ? tY2 , and so on. This is the random walk method. If you just want to make standard Brownian motion paths, stop here. We push on for pedigogical purposes and to develop strategies that apply to other types of Brownian motion. We describe the random walk method in terms of the matrices above, starting by identifying the matrices C and H . Examining (1) leads to ? 2 ? 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? ? ? 1 2 ? 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? ? .. .. .. . . . 1 ? 0 ? 1 ? H= ?. .. ?t ? . . 2 ? 1 ?. ? .. ? . ? 1 2 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 0 ? 1 ? 0 .? .? .? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ?1 ? 1 This is a tridiagonal matrix with pattern ? 1, 2, ? except at the bottom right corner. One can calculate the covariances Cjk from the random walk representation v Xk = ? t (Y1 +  ·  ·  · + Yk ) . 5 Since the Yj are independent, we have Ckk = var(Xk ) = ? t  · k  · var(Yj ) = tk , and, supposing j k , Cjk = E [Xj Xk ] = ? tE [((Y1 +  ·  ·  · + Yj ) + (Yj +1 +  ·  ·  · + Yk ))  · (Y1 +  ·  ·  · + Yj )] = 2 ?tE (Y1 +  ·  ·  · + Yj ) = tj . These combine into the familiar formula Cjk = cov(X (tj ), X (tk )) = min(tj , tk ) . This is the same as saying that the ? 1 ?1 ? ?. ?. C = ? t ? . ? ? ? 1 matrix C is 1  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 2 2  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 2 . . . 3  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · . . . 2 3  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? 1 2? ? ? 3? .? .? .? .. . (6) The random walk method for generating X may be expresses as ? ? ? Y ? X1 1 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 01 ? ? ? ?1 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 0 ? ? . ? ?.? ?.? v? ? . ? ?.? 1 0 . . ? . .? ? . ? = ? t ? 1 1 ? ? ? ? ?. . .. ? ? ? ?. . . .. ? ? ? ? 11 1  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 1 Yn Xn Thus, X = AY with ? ? 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 01 ?1 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 0 ? ? ? v? .? .? . ?1 1 1 0 .? A = ? t ? ?. . ? .. .. ?. . ? . 11 1  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 1 (7) The reader should do the matrix multiplication to check that indeed C = AAt for ( 6) and (7). Notice that H is a sparse matrix indicating short range interactions while C is full indicating long range correlations. This is true of in great number of physical applications, though it is rare to have an explicit formula for C . 6 We also can calculate the Choleski factorization of H . The reader can convince herself or himself that the Choleski factor, L, is bidiagonal, with nonzeros only on or immediately below the diagonal. However, the formulas are simpler if we reverse the order of the coordinates. Therefore we de? ne the coordinate reversed observation vector t X = (Xn , xn? 1 , . . . , Xn ) and whose covariance matrix is ? tn ? tn? 1 ? C=? . ?. . t1 tn? 1 tn? 1  ·  ·  · t1 t1 .. .  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? ? ? , ? t1 and energy matrix ? 1 ? 1  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 0 ? 0 .? .? .? ? ? ?. ? 0? ? ? ?1 ? 2 ? ? ? 1 2 ? 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? ? .. .. .. . . . 1 ? 0 ? 1 ? H= .. ?t ? . . ?. . 2 ? 1 ? ? .. ? . ? 1 2 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 0 ? 1 We seek the Choleski factorization H = LLt ? l1 0 ? m2 l2 1? L= v ? m3 ?t ? 0 ? . .. . . . with bidiagonal ?  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? 0 ? ?. .. ? . ? .. . Multiplying out H = LLt leads to equatio ns that successively determine the lk and mk : 2 l1 l 1 m2 2 2 l1 + l 2 l 2 m3 = 1 =? l1 = 1 , = ? 1 =? m2 = ? 1 , = 2 =? l2 = 1 , = 1 =? m3 = ? 1 , etc. , The result is H = LLt with L simply ? 1 0  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · ? ? 1 10 1? .. L= v ? . ?t ? ? 1 ? . .. .. . . . . 7 ? ? ? ?. ? ? The sampling algorithm using this Y = Lt X : ? ? ? 1 Yn ? Yn? 1 ? ? ? ? ?0 ? ? 1? ? ? ? ? . ?= v ? ?.? ?t ? ?.? ?. ? ? ?. . Y1 0 information is to ? nd X from Y by solving ?1 0 1 .. . ?1 .. .  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · .. . 0 0 Xn . ? ? Xn? 1 . . . 0 . . ?1 X1 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Solving from the bottom up (back substitution), we have Y1 = Y2 = v 1 v X1 =? X1 = ? tY1 , ?t v 1 v (X2 ? X1 ) =? X2 = X1 + ? tY2 , etc. ?t This whole process turns out to give the same random walk sampling method. Had we not gone to the time reversed (X , etc. variables, we could have calculated the bidiagonal Choleski factor L numerically. This works for any problem with a tridiagonal energy matrix H and has a name in the cont rol theory/estimation literature that escapes me. In particular, it will allow to ? nd sample Brownian motion paths with other boundary conditions. 3. 2 The Brownian bridge construction The Brownian bridge construction is useful in the mathematical theory of Brownian motion. It also is the basis for the success of quasi Monte Carlo methods in ? nance. Suppose n is a power of 2: n = 2L . We will construct the observation path X through a sequence of L re? ements. First, notice that Xn is a univariate normal with mean zero and variance T , so we may take (with Yk,l being independent standard normals) v Xn = T Y1,1 . Given the value of Xn , the midoint observation, Xn/2 , is a univariate normal4 with mean 1 Xn and variance T /4, so we may take 2 Xn 2 v 1 T = Xn + Y2,1 . 2 2 At the ? rst level, we chose the endpoint value for X . We could draw a ? rst level path by connenting Xn to zero with a straight line. At the second level, or ? rst re? nement, we created a midpoint value. The seco nd level path could be piecewise linear, connecting 0 to X n to Xn . 4 We assign this and related claims below as exercises for the student. 8 The second re? nement level creates values for the â€Å"quarter points†. Given n X n , X n is a normal with mean 1 X n and variance 1 T . Similarly, X 34 is a 2 42 2 4 2 1 1T normal with mean 2 (X n + Xn ) and variance 4 2 . Therefore, we may take 2 Xn = 4 1 1 Xn + 22 2 T Y3,1 2 and n X 34 = 1 1 (X n + Xn ) + 2 2 2 T Y3,2 . 2 1 The level three path would be piecewise linear with breakpoints at 1 , 2 , and 3 . 4 4 Note that in each case we add a mean zero normal of the appropriate variance to the linear interpolation value. In the general step, we go from the level k ? 1 path to the level k paths by creating values for the midpoints of the level k ? 1 intervals. The level k observations are X j . The values with even j are known from the previous 2k? 1 level, so we need values for odd j . That is, we want to interpolate between the j = 2m value and the j = 2m + 2 value and add a mean zero normal of the appropriate variance: X (2m+1)n = 2k? 1 1 2 mn X 2k? 1 + X (2m+2)n 2 2k? 1 + 1 2(k? 2)/2 T Ym,k . 2 The reader should check that the vector of standard normals Y = (Y1,1 , Y2,1 , Y3,1 , Y3,2 , . . . t indeed has n = 2L components. The value of this method for quasi Monte Carlo comes from the fact that the most important values that determine the large scale structure of X are the ? rst components of Y . As we will see, the components of the Y vectors of quasi Monte Carlo have uneven quality, with the ? rst components being the best. 3. 3 Principle components The principle component eigenvalues and eigenve ctors for many types of Brownian motion are known in closed form. In many of these cases, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm leads to a reasonably fast sampling method. These FFT based methods are slower than random walk or Brownian bridge sampling for standard random walk, but they sometimes are the most e? cient for fractional Brownian motion. They may be better than Brownian bridge sampling with quasi Monte Carlo (I’m not sure about this). The eigenvectors of H are known5 to have components (qj,k is the k th component of eigenvector qj . ) qj,k = const  · sin(? j tk ) . 5 See e. g. Numerical Analysis by Eugene Isaacson and Herbert Keller. 9 (8) The n eigenvectors and eigenvalues then are determined by the allowed values of ? j , which, in turn, are determined throught the boundary conditions. We 2 2 can ? nd ? j in terms of ? j using the eigenvalue equation Hqj = ? j qj evaluated at any of the interior components 1 k n: 1 2 [? sin(? j (tk ? ?t)) + 2 sin(? j tk ) ? sin(? j (tk + ? t))] = ? j sin(? j tk ) . ?t Doing the math shown that the eigenvalue equation is satis? ed and that 2 ?j = 2 1 ? cos(? j ? t) . ?t (9) The eigenvalue equation also is satis? ed at k = 1 because the form (8) automatically satis? es the boundary condition qj,0 = 0. This is why we used the sine and not the cosine. Only special values ? j give qj,k that satisfy the eigenvalue equation at the right boundary point k = n. 10 How to cite Computational Efficiency of Polar, Essay examples

Larry Flint Essay Example For Students

Larry Flint Essay Larry FlyntInfamous pornographer and free-speech activist Larry Flynt has brought about controversy for nearly 30 years. As the editor of Hustler magazine, Flynt has publicized pornographic obscenities in several manors. By doing this, he has challenged Americas interpretation of the First Amendment, insisted that freedom of speech include obscenities and pornography, and made the anti-porn activists and feminists fight for constitutional protection from obscenity. Larry Flynt was born on November 1, 1942. Coming from a broken home, he later joined the military under false age. Flynt was discharged and after several unsuccessful jobs, went back to serve for five years on the U.S.S. Enterprise. After the Navy he moved to Dayton, Ohio where he bought a bar and turned it into a successful strip club. In the next year, Flynt opened similar clubs in 4 different Ohio cities and sent out newsletters to his clientele. Soon, Flynt set out to make his own mens magazine. In 1974 he released the first issue of Hustler magazine. Hustler was different from other pornographic magazines. It prided itself on hard core depictions of raw sex, which often included graphic nude photos of disabled, pregnant, and elderly women. One issue featured nude pictures of former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, while another depicted a woman being feed into a meat grinder.# Anti-porn activists and feminists started to speak out about the controversial issues behind the explicit Hustler magazine. This is a magazine bought by pubescent boys with untempered curiosity about sexual perversions, and by adults with insatiable curiosity about sexual perversions, adults who would read monthlies serializing the Marquis de Sade, if they were more literate.# Some people tend to disagree with the feminist views of such magazines as Hustler. Women have the right to be free from discrimination not only in the workplace and in the classroom but in the bedroom as well Women should not be seen as victims in their own sexual relations with men but as equally assertive partners, just as capable of experiencing sexual pleasure.# With this new hard-core, pornographic magazine out, much controversy came about on whether or not there should be any censorship to pornography. As soon as Hustler hit the stands, Flynt had been bombarded with lawsuits. He was charged with many counts of pandering obscenity and organized crime in May, 1976. The case was significant because it suggested that individual communities had the right to define obscenity.# These court cases again questioned our First Amendment rights for both sides of the controversy. Should we be constitutionally protected from obscenities? Feminists and anti-porn activists would say yes. To them, pornography is a type of media which degrades women and throws it in the faces of the public. What they are fighting for is that freedom of speech and press allow protection from obscenity in favor of the women and of the innocent eyes. Without this exploitation, published for profit, the male writer feels censored. The woman lynched naked on a tree, or restrained with ropes and a ball gag in her mouth, has what? Freedom of what?#Others would argue that freedom of speech and press should not have boundaries or limitations. They have a strong opposition to the censorship of pornography. Many feel pornography is portraying women as equals to men with their sexuality, while some feel pornography is an ex pression, like art. Larry Flynt, pornographers, and those who are anti-censorship feel as if their freedom of speech is being challenged. Flynt said, I realized that freedom of expression could never be taken for granted.# Over the years, the controversy has still been debated, but Flynt has set his sights on a recent headline. Since the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Flynt has sided with Clinton. He has offered up to $1 million to anyone able to provide evidence of illicit sexual relations with a congressman, senator or other prominent officeholder.# Flynt received over 2000 replies to his offer, in which two stories were of strong interest to him. His first story included Bob Livingston, a Republican in line for speaker of the house. Livingston resigned from his position, making a vague admission of marital infidelity, Livingston complained about having been Larry Flynted, but a full-on Flynting promises to be a far more excruciating experience one supported by embarrassingly specific evidence for which Flynt is paying nicely.# There are several opinions toward Flynts harsh tactics against politicians. Some see him as a pervert saint, sacrificing his freedom for our liberty.# The opposing believe that, there is no place in America for his despicable, brutish politics of blackmail.# Flynt has his own reasons for exploiting politicians like Livingston and defending Clinton. You can have a front-page story published about oral sex in the newspaper, but you put a photograph of two people making love out there and you can go to jail. That says a lot about a society that condones violence and condemns sex. So I think the problem is not just the politicians, its the country as a whole. Its got to come to grips with sexuality.# Nearly 30 years ago, Larry Flynt became the notorious pornography martyr, responsible for Americans questioning the meaning of the First Amendment. For years to come freedom of expression will be argued, should there or should there not be censors hip of pornography? Court case to court case might tell but, some believe that we will never agree on anything for sure and it may depend on what the case is directly ruling on. Majority rule only works if youre also considering individual rights. Because you cant have five wolves and one sheep voting on what to have for supper,# says Flynt. He believes that, Its not money, its not politicsits who controls the *censored* that controls the world.#Bibliography# Works CitedLarry Flynt, Biography.com, January 26, 2001, (January 29, 2001). .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .postImageUrl , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:hover , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:visited , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:active { border:0!important; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:active , .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878 .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u314e526b3a4ca2a34607d77346ed5878:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: African Americans In The South Essay Buckley Jr., William F., The Honored Guest, National Review, June 14, 1999, vol. 51, issue 11, 58. Strossen, Nadine, The Perils of Pornophobia, in Conversations, ed. John Selzer (Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon, 2000) 595. Dworkin, Andrea , Reply to John Irving, in Conversations, ed. John Selzer (Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon, 2000) 592. Richardson, John H. , Larry Flynt, Esquire, March 1999, 116. Strauss, Neil, Checking in with Larry Flynt, Rolling Stone, February 18, 1999, 41. Human Sexuality

H. L. A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin Debate

E-Book Launch! LinkedIn Profile Tune-Up 18 Expert LinkedIn Profile Tips

E-Book Launch! LinkedIn Profile Tune-Up 18 Expert LinkedIn Profile Tips Im pleased to announce that my e-book, LinkedIn Profile Tune-Up:   18 Expert LinkedIn Profile Tips, is now live!   I am currently selling it for just $9.95 on my website (valued at $17). This e-book contains information that no other â€Å"LinkedIn expert† covers. I offer 17 strategic tips – from how to get your profile to the top of an Advanced Search, to how to create arrow bullets – AND I provide examples of how to write an effective profile, from your Headline to your Status Bar to your Summary Section and more. If you want to identify and strengthen any weak points in your LinkedIn profile, LinkedIn Power Tune-Up is a must read. Follow this advice, and you will create a frequently visited and highly effective LinkedIn profile. I also offer in-depth LinkedIn Profile reviews for $95, which you can purchase through my LinkedIn Profile Review page. You get a FREE copy of the e-book with every review. Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinMarch 2, 2010

Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Methods - Essay Example exist across various dress codes, the starting point shall be doing the comparison through the analysis of the dress worn by the women and utilise them as the key codes. Doing so shall help in dealing with the privacy requirements. Bodgan and Biklen (1998) evaluate the importance availed by secondary research. The extraction of vital sections from different studies and putting them in a linear timeline to determine the changes that have occurred will set a wholesome picture of the historical linkage that has developed through past studies. Hence, specialized encyclopaedias or dictionaries, specific scholarly articles, and dissertations shall be used. The purpose of this case study is for the research. The reason why this case study was chosen is due to the new institutions such as Princess Nora University, which is my case study. It was chosen because of the style of the building observed during visits. From what has been observed in photographs, the university building is modern and huge. Its style is not Arabic but self-consciously modern. As per my assessment, the architecture version that was assumed to have been used, does not fit the work done to have the building. At the time of building it, it could have been built to show richness, ambition as it is the biggest built in the world during the last 15 years. Hence, there is positivity that it was built for women. All the things that were obtained were constructive; however, looking at it now after it has had a generation gone through it, I assume it happened too fast. The assumption that because it was a Western model, then it meant that it had to have 100 % Western archit ecture was incorrect. As a result, the incorrectness is part of the learning process especially through experiences. Nevertheless, there will be analysis and references to other universities in Riyadh. The reason is because there are parallel situations. In addition, there is difficulty in collecting the data from place to place and the

Three questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three questions - Essay Example A research was conducted, on managerial communication in hospital nursing, to identify obstacles and strategies to overcome these barriers. The research study involved the use of a qualitative approach that used 19 nurses from a university hospital. Semi-structured and vignette interviews were used as a mode of collecting data, and thematic analysis was employed as the technique of data analysis (dos Santos et al, 2012). The results garnered from the analysis of the participant nurses’ response to the interview questions provided interesting indicators. The results illustrated that there was fragmentation of work processes, work team involvement, work shifts and resistance to change (dos Santos et al, 2012). To counter these difficulties and challenges, training programs and workshops were held, which were meant to impart the basic and necessary communication skills essential to successful nursing practice. The training covered aspects such as formalization of conduct, communi cation and optimization of communication (Dos Santos et al. 2012). The results were able to illustrate the importance of effective communication in the execution of nursing duties. This is because communication affects the way that change is executed; this is in the sense that effective communication makes it easier for people to accept change. ... A negative attitude will negate their efforts in a manner that will diminish their ability or efforts in carrying out their duties. Attitude determines whether an individual is motivated or not towards their job or other responsibilities they are tasked with executing. In a work situation, the motivational levels of employees towards their work are a significant factor that should be considered by those heading human resource departments (HR) (Oldham & Hackman, 2010). This is because employees are highly motivated to improve operations in the workplace that results into better production of goods and services. HR managers should ensure that the job description of any task, which employees are delegated to, has an element (s) that serves to boost their morale, which translates to a positive attitude in the employee towards their work detail. When employees are given jobs that they deem demeaning or oppressive to them, they develop a negative attitude towards their job. This limits the ir performance, which usually manifests in the quality of the work done at the end of the day (Oldham & Hackman, 2010). To ensure that employees are satisfied with the type of work they are delegated, HR managers should adopt mechanisms of involving their employees in job design and implementation. This gives employee the chance to influence and have a say in matters that affect them directly. Involving employees in job design and implementation helps a firm achieve enhanced employee harmony, satisfaction, loyalty and the overall increase in productivity (Oldham & Hackman, 2010). Maslow’s theory states that humans are driven by their needs that predispose them to self-actualization that motivates

Liquid Gated Biosensor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Liquid Gated Biosensor - Research Paper Example 6 18 Conductometric biosensor 19 Surface acoustic wave-based sensors 20 Bibliography 20 Farhan A.(2008 ).Nanobiosensors .American Society of Civil Engineers.Methods Mol Biol. Pp.115-26. 24 Further reading 24 Palchetti I, Laschi S, Mascini M. (2010). Electrochemical biosensor technology: application to pesticide detection. Universita degli Studi di Firenze. Italy. 25 Background/introduction Nanotechnology advances are opening development for the biosensors on micron size features that are suitable on detection of molecules in biological sciences. Based on the size micro is added onto the biosensor to indicate the scale. Development of biological sensors for water industry is experiencing growth on the two decades past (Lim et al 2005). The progress on the developments in nanotechnology provides the nano-materials (Vaseashta 2005). Nanoscale materials show extraordinary electrical and optical as well as mechanical properties in comparison to their counterpart. Sensors using these mater ials interact with the cells such as bacteria, protozoa and virus as well as proteins, antibodies. They also interact with chemical species to produce a signal. These signals are converted to property with a measurable response such as current or light intensity etc. which may be amplified or processed and even stored for the analysis (Erickson et al. 2008). Objectives The main objective of the study include; -To use reduced graphene oxide to detect cytochrome c. - To describe why reduced graphene oxide is used as a detection platform for cytochrome c (protein) using the liquid gated method Literature review The main applications for the biosensors are focused on the water safety for detecting waterborne pathogenic organisms. Diseases from pathogens that are water borne give a great challenge in developing and developed countries. According WHO (2005), World Health Organization estimated deaths in year 2005 of about 1.6 million on consequences diseases that are water borne. These ri sks have not been completely in elimination with best practices of water treatment in this industry. The predominant techniques identified waterborne disease causing pathogens and rely on culture based practices that are selective and also time consuming. A study conducted by Farhan (2008) reveals that, Biosensors meet most requirements hence leading to highly sensitive and specific as well as a rapid platform in detecting the waterborne pathogens. Studies have reported on biological molecules techniques and also transduction techniques on various pathogens (Farhan 2008) .At present very few assays meeting the requirements for assay time and also detection limit. The high percentage applications of biosensors in food industry are on development of the portable detection platform (Arora et al 2006). In Consideration of the diverse and complex environmental samples and wide range on environmental applications and also economical benefits that are low. Presently more need is of portabl e biosensors that have rapid detection in waterborne pathoge

ZARA Clothing Performance Analysis

ZARA Clothing Performance Analysis Zara is the largest division and flagship brand of the Spanish retail group Inditex. It sells up-to-the-minute fashionability at low prices, in stores that are clearly focused on one particular market (Slack, 2006). The first store opened by accident in 1975 due to a large pyjamas order cancellation. This typically can be said to be an emergent strategy as the Zara store today was not an intended strategy. Vertically integrated, Zara controls most of the processes in the supply chain whereby 50% of the products are manufactured in Spain, 26% in the rest of Europe and 24% in Asian countries. Zara outsources products of high labour intensive processes but maintains in-house capital intensive processes, protecting knowledge and know-how. It takes less than two weeks for a skirt to get from Zaras design team in Spain to a Zara stores in any part of the globe, as much as 12 times faster than the competition. And with shorter lead times, Zara can ship fewer pieces, in a greater variety of styles, more often and they can more easily cancel lines that dont sell as well, avoiding inventory backlogs. (Thinking Made Easy, 2009) This quick response capacity of Zara is made possible by the 3 main stages that define the competitive edge of the company: design, manufacturing and distribution. This strategy is embraced to focus on the operations which can enhance cost efficiency and hence Zaras internalization. Other production activities are completed via a network of about 500 subcontractors in close proximity to Zaras operations at La Coruna. Mr. Ortega the CEO of the Inditex, the parent company of Zara, once said that the secret to retail success is to have five fingers touching the factory and five touching the customer. (Nigel Slack, 2008) This paper uses the models and frameworks of the Operations Strategy module to describe analyze how Zaras operations strategy led to a sustainable competitive advantage in the global apparel industry. What is Operations Strategy? Just as there is no overall agreement about what strategy means, there is no universal agreement on how operations strategy should be described. Four distinct perspectives have emerged on the description as illustrated in Fig. 1 below (Nigel Slack, 2008): Top down vs. Bottom up: Zara boosted its innovation in a fast changing market by adapting the bottom up perspective of strategy in its operations. This is a key driver of competitive advantage through constant innovation to develop new-products that provide customers with new perceived benefits. Zara benefits from an organizational culture that allows information exchange, risk taking, experimentation and learning from failures. Market Requirements vs. Operations Resource: Whatever the operations strategy of an organization, it must in some way reflect the requirements of the organizations market. The fashion market is a fast changing one characterized by quick shifts in consumer demands. As described by Inditex CEO, Jose Maria Castellano, the fashion world is in constant flux and is driven not by supply but by customer demand. We need to give consumers what they want, and if I go to South America or Asia to make clothes, I simply cant move fast enough. How do Zaras operations resources help it to compete in its market? Zara has remained focused on its core philosophy that creativity and quality design together with a rapid response to market demands will yield profitable results. Its business model incorporates the following operational goals: To develop a system the requires short lead times To decrease production quantities and inventory To increase variety of styles/choice. We can deduce that operations strategy is concerned with the reconciliation of market requirements and operations resources. Key drivers of this reconciliation are the importance of setting appropriate performance objectives and understanding the decision areas that determine resource deployment. Factors affecting Zaras Strategic Decisions: Capacity Zara employs a chase demand capacity management in its operations. Spare manufacturing capacity is mirrored in the companys storage function, where up to 400 extra staff can be drafted in during busty periods. As new stock delivery schedules are regimented, customers know when new stock is due and traffic in stores is heavier at such times. As a result, the company is able to adjust its resources to match the demands as appropriate. Procurement and production planners make preliminary, but crucial, estimates of manufacturing costs and available capacity. The cross-functional teams can examine prototypes in the hall, choose a design, and commit resources for its production and introduction in a few hours, if necessary. (Ferdows Kasra, 2005) A small change in retail orders, for example, can result in wide fluctuations in factory orders after its transmitted through wholesalers and distributors. In an industry that traditionally allows retailers to change a maximum of 20 percent of their orders once the season has started, Zara lets them adjust 40 percent to 50 percent. In this way, Zara avoids costly overproduction and the subsequent sales and discounting prevalent in the industry. Supply Networks The vertical Integration advantage can be seen in Zaras centralized logistics and distribution. Zara designs around 10,000 new models every year and replenishes ranges within every one of its 650 retail stores twice per week, but in strictly limited quantities of stock. This ensures Zaras brand promise to customers of exclusivity, and also of design freshness. But it also avoids build-up of large quantities of unpopular stock. Zaras system has to deal with something in the realm of 300,000 new stock-keeping units (SKUs), on average, every year. (Ferdows Kasra, 2005). It outsources less manufacturing (only labour intensive tasks mainly the sewing) than its competitors hence can react quickly to seasonality and unforeseen demand. Zara avoids building inventories in any part of its supply chain from raw materials to end user. Process Technology Zaras communication and coordination through high technology information systems is one of Zaras success factors relative to its competitors. Its customized handheld computers support the connection between the retail stores and headquarters. These PDAs transmit all kinds of information (hard data as orders and sales trends and such soft data as customer reactions and the buzz around a new style). The constant flow of updated data mitigates the so-called bullwhip effect-the tendency of supply chains (and all open-loop information systems) to amplify small disturbances. Development and Organization This fast fashion system depends on a constant exchange of information throughout every part of Zaras supply chain-from customers to store managers, from store managers to market specialists and designers, from designers to production staff, from buyers to subcontractors, from warehouse managers to distributors, and so on Zaras organization, operational procedures, performance measures, and even its office layouts are all designed to make information transfer easy. By having operations in close- proximity to its headquarters allowed for better and faster communication between functional areas for faster decision making. Key success objectives for Zaras Performance: Speed: Speed and responsiveness to Market, Zara has changed the way clothing industry works where deigning, production and delivery to the retailers requires period of six months. The design and distribution cycle of the company takes just 10-15days in the whole process. Zaras speed to market in product development exceeds the capabilities of its competitors. This in itself provides additional value to stakeholders, customers, and stores in producing quality clothing at affordable prices. The proximity of their manufacturing and operational processes allows Zara to maintain the flexibility necessary to design and produce over 12000 new items annually. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand. The process of obtaining market information and relaying it to design and production teams expedites product development by shortening the throughput time of their products from design to store. Dependability: Due to Zaras ownership and control of production, they ensure timely delivery and service. Although most of their stores run out of stock, signifying that they have low dependability in terms of product availability, another perspective of dependability in terms of keeping to date with fashion is achieved. Quality: Zara brand is synonymous with the cutting edge of fashion at affordable prices. Another Quality advantage is the added sense of quality to the product as the tags would be labelled with made in Europe rather than made in China due to Zaras trade-off between Low labour costs in Asia and operational efficiency. Flexibility: Designers (of average age 26) draw the design sketches then discuss it with market specials and planning procurement staff illustrating a flexibility of ideas generation and on the other hand the huge number of designs reflects the ability to meet almost all the fashion requirements by customers of all ages (up to 55). This adaptive model rather than traditional merchandising is very different from its competitors. Many competitors rely on a small elite design team that plans both design and production needs well in advance. Stores have little autonomy in deciding which products to display or put on sale because Headquarters plans accordingly and ships quantities as forecasted. Zara owned many of the fabric dying, processing and cutting equipment that provided Zara added control and flexibility to adopt new trends on demand. The added flexibility helped Zara on two fronts: shorter lead times and fewer inventories. (OPPapers.com, 2010) Cost: Zara produces most of its products in Europe. Compared to their competitors, they outsource very little to Asia. Though the cost of production in Spain is 17-20% more expensive than Asia, Zara does have a competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. Though there is a cost advantage in their approach in regards to labour, the lack of flexibility in changing orders based on current trends hinders their operational efficiencies. Inventory costs are higher for competitors because orders are placed for a whole season well in advance and then held in distribution facilities until periodic shipment to stores. Lower inventory cost is a key sustainable advantage as it enables Zara to manufacture and sell its products at cheaper prices. Conclusion The smooth integration between Zara business strategy and it is operation strategy as illustrated in the strategic matrix below brought about a promotion of innovativeness through a blending of its performance objectives and decision areas. This aligned Zara operations with its business strategy, ensuring comprehensiveness, correspondence and coherence to achieve its mark in the garment industry as a world leader today. Zara has demonstrated that market flexibility and lean inventories may be even more important than cheap labour, an insight that just might reverse the and its success is based on controlling all the steps of manufacturing clothes: from design to fabric to manufacturing, distribution and sales in order to cut costs and make huge gains in speed and flexibility. In the fashion industry, where trends change daily, Getting a good strategic mix in operations is key to a retailers survival.

jumpman23- the appeal of advertising Essay example -- essays research

Jumpman23   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Jordan has star power that bridges age, race, and socioeconomic class. Nike understands this aspect of the popular superstar and decided to give him his own clothing line named Jumpman23. It is the most popular form of sports apparel available and the white logo that adorns each article of apparel is known worldwide. Michael Jordan is arguably the most loved and respected athlete of this generation, thus the ad for this company depicted in ESPN The Magazine takes advantage of his immense popularity. In an attempt to expand the companies influence Jumpman23 uses professional baseball player Derrick Jeter to send its message and promote its apparel. In the essay â€Å"Absolution for Sale,† Charity Miller writes, â€Å"We live in a world of images. Among the most persuasive and insistent of these images are those directed at us by advertising. These images often do more then simply try to persuade us to buy a particular product or use a particular ser vice. More subtly, they influence us by appealing to our desires or exploiting our emotions.† The image of Jeter training alone in a gym clothed head to toe in Michael Jordan’s clothing line combine with a poem above describing his intentions. This scene portrays the hard work and dedication that will eventually lead to success as things an athlete of any level should expect while wearing the clothing. Michael Jordan takes advantage of his legend on the basketball court and his appeal worldwide to create a line of apparel that demands the same work ethic from those who wear it. Its success is in Jumpman23’s ability to interest buyers no matter what age, race, or sport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The advertisement gives the impression that success does not come easily. To reach a goal there is a lot of hard work that goes into the process. This is how Jeter is portrayed in the picture. He is alone, in a dark gym surrounded by mirrors training with a thirty-five pound weight. He stares at his reflection in the mirror, deep in concentration, and highly motivated. The â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel† whether it be a world championship or simply a playground victory takes time, effort, and dedication and he is in the course of working towards that goal. Part of why the ad does not show him on the field, or celebrating a victory is because it wants to capture the countless hours... ...er Jason Taylor â€Å"Team Jordan is something I wanted to do my whole career. Michael exemplifies everything that I think an athlete should be. The desire the competitiveness, everything about the man says winner and that’s what I’m about.† The hard work and desire Jordan put forth in order to achieve his dreams is well documented, and he has used this as the main focus in advertising his clothing line. By using other sports superstars who have achieved great things, he has been able to capture the attention of the sporting world. Once you put on the shoes and the clothing, you will begin to expect great things out of yourself. These goals come only after dedication and effort. Showing the work ethic of other great athletes and the thoughts that motivate them, Jumpan23 has successfully captured the idea of its clothing line. One has to look no further than the miniature symbol of a man flying through the air in order to imagine the possibilities and see what makes this advertisement so appealing. Works Cited Miller, Charity. â€Å"Absolution for Sale†. Criteria 2004. Taylor, Jason. Athlete Bio. 1 March 2005  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.nike.com/jumpman23/team_jordan/team.jsp.

Comparing web applications Essay

It’s the technology used for how web browsers submit forms and interact with programs on the server. It’s used for simple interactive applications and can be used with any programming language. CGI applications are often called â€Å"CGI Scripts†, they run in the server not in the web browser, and they must follow server requirements for running applications. ISAPI: It’s an N-tier API of IIS and consists of two components: extensions and filters. These are the only two types of applications that can be developed using ISAPI, they must be compiled into DLL files which are then registered with IIS to be run on the web server. ISAPI extensions are true applications that run on IIS, ISAPI filters are used to modify or enhance the functionality provided by IIS. SSI: It is a tool that you can use to eliminate repetitive types of information on your web pages. It is a file the server includes in a web page before sending it out to a browser. It uses headers, navigation panels, and footers. It’s useful because you only need to change one file and every web page using that element picks up the update. ASP: This technology allows a web server to change the information that is  presented to the visitor in a website based on different criteria. It is a scripting language that is embedded in a code on the page that the web server can look at to change the information on the webpage. It works similar to HTML. ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft to build dynamic data driven Web applications and Web services. ASP.NET is a subset of .NET framework, a framework is a collection of classes, and ASP.NET is the successor to classic ASP. ASP.NET web pages, known officially as Web Forms, are the main building blocks for application development, and these web forms are contained in files with a â€Å".aspx† extension. References: Zacker, C. (2009). Lesson 7: Deploying Web Applications. Windows server 2008 applications infrastructure configuration (70-643) (). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. http://itt.coursesmart.com/9781118550861/firstsection#X2ludGVybmFsX0J2ZGVwRmxhc2hSZWFkZXI/eG1saWQ9OTc4MTExODU1MDg2MS8xMTc Internet Server Application Programming Interface. (2014, July 5). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface

Free Essays on Dutch Republic

Essay: Dutch Republic There were many challenges that the Dutch Republic faced and had to try to overcome between 1650 and 1713. Unity wasn’t at it highest point during this time period either because of some problems that they faced. Prosperity was very vital to them because they needed money to fund the actions that they were planning. They had many security concerns that needed to be dealt with, including some foreign problems. The Dutch had many problems that they had to face but they eventually overcame them. Unity was a main concern but the Dutch seemed to fall short at their attempt. The French monarchs had helped the Dutch a lot of times but they also betrayed them as well. One of the many ways is how the French tried to stop and take over the trade and navigation of the merchants that were shipping for the Dutch Republic. (Doc-7) In a government document of the Dutch Republic, it says that there were problems with an election for a new king; do to the variations between the Dutch provinces. (Doc-9) With this being written by the Dutch Republic it must have been an accurate report stating some of the problems they had. There were many problems regarding unity that the Dutch had to face and were challenged by. Prosperity was at an extremely low point for the Dutch Republic because of poor decisions that were made. Sir George Downing, an English ambassador, wrote a letter to the English Government that stated that Holland would be stuck with the financial burden of all the other provinces in the event of a war. (Doc-4) With Downing being an ambassador he had experience and would know what was going to happen and he stated his opinion. A Colonial Administrator of the Dutch Republic wrote a letter stating, profits of our East Indian trade have turned into losses and the java trade is declining. With an Administrator stating this it shows that the Dutch were in a mess because of the wars that were happening and... Free Essays on Dutch Republic Free Essays on Dutch Republic Essay: Dutch Republic There were many challenges that the Dutch Republic faced and had to try to overcome between 1650 and 1713. Unity wasn’t at it highest point during this time period either because of some problems that they faced. Prosperity was very vital to them because they needed money to fund the actions that they were planning. They had many security concerns that needed to be dealt with, including some foreign problems. The Dutch had many problems that they had to face but they eventually overcame them. Unity was a main concern but the Dutch seemed to fall short at their attempt. The French monarchs had helped the Dutch a lot of times but they also betrayed them as well. One of the many ways is how the French tried to stop and take over the trade and navigation of the merchants that were shipping for the Dutch Republic. (Doc-7) In a government document of the Dutch Republic, it says that there were problems with an election for a new king; do to the variations between the Dutch provinces. (Doc-9) With this being written by the Dutch Republic it must have been an accurate report stating some of the problems they had. There were many problems regarding unity that the Dutch had to face and were challenged by. Prosperity was at an extremely low point for the Dutch Republic because of poor decisions that were made. Sir George Downing, an English ambassador, wrote a letter to the English Government that stated that Holland would be stuck with the financial burden of all the other provinces in the event of a war. (Doc-4) With Downing being an ambassador he had experience and would know what was going to happen and he stated his opinion. A Colonial Administrator of the Dutch Republic wrote a letter stating, profits of our East Indian trade have turned into losses and the java trade is declining. With an Administrator stating this it shows that the Dutch were in a mess because of the wars that were happening and...

Part time jobs Your ultimate guide to getting started

Part time jobs Your ultimate guide to getting started Here at TheJobNetwork, we focus a lot of time and attention on your search for a full-time job on a set career path. But sometimes the job you’re seeking, by necessity or by choice, is a shorter-term proposition. So we’ve got you covered there, too! If you’re looking for part-time opportunities as a side hustle or a flexible option so you can balance your work with other aspects of your life, we’ve got all the info you’ll need. Decide the type of job you want to get.For part-time jobs, you often need to start with a very specific idea of what you want- like a night job, a work-from-home job, or a side hustle. Your job search will really be focused and refined by your own goals and needs, so the first step is figuring out what kind of job you want. Are you cool with retail or food service, or does the idea of serving the general public give you hives? Do you want a night job so you can be home when the kids head off to school in the morning? There ar e lots of part-time opportunities out there, so it’s important to figure out which ones might work best for your needs and your schedule before we even get to things like applications and resumes.Everything You Need to Know About Having a Part-Time JobThe Best Part Time Jobs for Every Education Level7 Places to Look for Part-Time JobsSide Hustle: How to Make Money on the SideFind the job that fits in with your lifestyle.Are you a night owl? Whether you’re a vampire or just a night person, many part-time jobs call for late-night or overnight hours. If you think your lifestyle can accommodate a non-conventional schedule, you might want to consider looking at jobs catering to the night crowd.15 Great Part-Time Jobs for Night Owls10 Jobs Where You Can Work OvernightIf you’re a student and want to balance your job with a busy course load, a part-time job can help you pay the bills while you’re working on your studies.5 Great Part-Time Jobs for College Students Many part-time job seekers are parents looking for a way to balance work with home obligations. Not only do you need a gig that pays the bills, but it also has to be as flexible as possible and hopefully come with perks that help your family.Best Part-Time Jobs for Moms in 2017Top 12 High-Paying Part-Time Jobs with Good Work-Life Balance10 Companies That Offer Part-Time Jobs with BenefitsAnd while most of those â€Å"earn thousands of dollars every day working from home!† ads online are very often scams, there are also plenty of legit opportunities for people who want or need to work remotely.What Are Some Part-Time Jobs You Can Do from Home?7 Work from Home Jobs You NEED to AvoidMake big bucks while working part time.When thinking about a part-time gig, money is also going to be a concern. If you’re looking to maximize the dollar-to-hour ratio for your part-time job, there are some great options out there.These Part-Time Jobs Can Earn You $75K a Year9 Part-Time Jobs T hat Pay Very Well10 Highest Paying Part-Time Jobs15 Part-Time Jobs That Pay More Than $40 Per Hour (And How to Get Them)21 Part-Time Jobs That Pay More Than $20 An HourYou Can Make at Least $20/Hour at These 10 Part-Time JobsDesign a professional resume that gets you noticed.Part-time jobs are often different from traditional full-time jobs- and the hiring process may be different too. But one thing doesn’t change: your resume needs to be rock solid. We’ve got the resume basics that apply no matter what kind of job you’re seeking.10 Things You Should Remove From Your Resume in 2017Resume Format Guide: What Your Resume Should Look Like in 20178 Warning Signs You Need to Update Your ResumeWhat Is the Best Format for a Resume?11 Steps to Writing the Perfect ResumeHow to Create a Resume Packed with Action WordsAce the interview process.The interview might be a little different from the routine, though. Part-time job interviews may not require you to put on a suit an d show up at an office- you might be asked to interview remotely, or in a more casual setting. Either way, it’s important to have the basics ready to go: a put-together interview look, strong body language, and anticipation of different kinds of questions.6 Part Time Job Interview Strategies You Must KnowAsk These 10 Questions to Impress Your Hiring ManagerThe Most Popular Macy’s Interview QuestionsHow to Look Like a Star in Any Job InterviewHow to Prepare for a Remote InterviewTurn part-time into full-time.After you’ve got your part-time job, it may be a stepping stone to a full-time gig. For that, you’ll need to strategize on how to make that jump.10 Ways to Turn Your Part-Time Job into a Full-Time One10 Tips for Turning Your Contract Job into a Permanent OneNo matter what your reasons may be for looking for a part-time job, we want to help you find (and get!) the right one for your skills, goals, and lifestyle. Good luck!

Just 3 questions for Organizational Behavior class Essay

Just 3 questions for Organizational Behavior class - Essay Example I will be able to understand the behavior of my employees, and its impact on my organization’s performance. I will be in a better position to handle areas such as absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, and performance at my workplace. As, a manager in the near future, I will be responsible for managing and leading a team. With learning from this class, I will be able to understand my team member’s attitude, behavior, and motivate them. I will be able to create a sense of higher job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. This in turn will help me to get low turnover and absenteeism, higher productivity. Answer2.) Performance is a function of three variables: Ability; Effort and Opportunity to Perform. In order to boost performance, it is necessary to make sure that all three factors are adequately present. Ability can be defined as an individual’s capacity to performance various tasks in a job (Robbins and Judge, 44). Ability affects the performance through the ability-job fit. The first step to be improving the fit will be to have in a place an effective selection process. A thorough job analysis will enable the employees to understand the abilities that are needed to perform that job. Applicants shall be tested, and evaluated on the degree that they posses the necessary abilities to perform the tasks of the job. The ability-job fit can be improved by making minor modifications to the job to match the abilities of the employees. The tasks of the job can be modified in such a way that it is suited to the specific talents of an employee. For example, the tasks may be changed from manual to a computer system for an employee who is efficient in using computers. The ability of an employee may also be increased by training him to the tasks, tools, and techniques of the job that he is doing. Mentoring within the organization can have a large influence on the ability of an employee to work on a job. Answer3.) In today’s

Executive summary for a project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Executive summary for a project - Case Study Example tified that the core weakness within the replenishment process is delay time where delays at the bottleneck are longer: the time taken in completing the critical activities such as assembling of the required merchandise to be taken to the stores, or ordering of the required merchandise from the suppliers to fulfil market demand (longer lead time). In most instances a FIFO discipline most likely have higher delay time and lower outflow rates even in the best case scenario where there is regularity in processing of the merchandise. Such impact constrains the output rate at the bottleneck. The core solutions derived from the problem analysis to develop a â€Å"To-Be† replenishment process aimed at increasing operational excellence includes: Optimising lead time through adoption of just in time technique; the selection of a few strategic and trusted suppliers for whom a strategic partnership is made and the company’s replenishment process is integrated into such supplierâ⠂¬â„¢s systems; Vendor managed Inventory system which give control to the suppliers and ensures effective flow of accurate information on the level of merchandise required, which can be enhanced through incorporation of radio frequency Identification (RFID) system in the products; and cross docking where products are transported directly from the suppliers to the stores with the merchandise undergoing little to nil handling. Attaining operational excellence is critical for any business as organisations cannot afford to have quality issues, high cost operations or even long market cycles (Oracle 3). Notably, one of the core advantages that businesses often attain to achieve is effective inventory management to not only ensure high quality fresh products but also lower costs. Optimal inventory management is vital for any business organisation. The core benefits of having a much leaner inventory includes reduction in operation costs, higher customer satisfaction, and increased sales. In deed Lee (1)

Islamic banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Islamic banking - Essay Example The authorship would remain anonymous. (4) I agree to my Project being submitted to a plagiarism detection service, where it will be stored in a database and compared against work submitted from this or any other School or from other institutions using the service. In the event of the service detecting a high degree of similarity between content within the service this will be reported back to my supervisor and second marker, who may decide to undertake further investigation which may ultimately lead to disciplinary actions, should instances of plagiarism be detected. (5) I have read the University Policy Statement on Ethics in Research and Consultancy and the Policy for Informed Consent in Research and Consultancy and I declare that ethical issues have been considered and taken into account in this research. People should be flexible enough to learn new things and this is the only key of trying new things. People, who tend to learn and try new things, bring all significant and productive change in environment. That can only save the world from repeating past mistake in future. People learn and try things in their own way and styles. VARK stands for Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic learning styles. The literature review highlights the nature of Islamic Banking, showing it to be more moral and justice based as against the misconception of it being religion based. This by itself augurs well for world communities that have been cheated of their investments through high risk securities that were based on speculation rather than healthy investments. The research carried out, though limited in nature, also points to the fact that due to its sharing of risk methods and high collaterals, the Islamic Banking system may be restrictive in a sense, yet it offers means of consolidations of investments as against throwing it away in speculative practices. Therefore, I really

Iraq War Essay Example for Free

Iraq War Essay The Iraq War has attracted news coverage from around the world. Various television stations in countries like the US and the UK have news correspondents and news bureaus in the area to cover war-related updates and happenings. However, there were concerns on how media frames and delivers their news. Most of these news reports are accused of being biased, choosing to show only the negative aspects of the war. Two authors have written about this occurrence. One of them points out that most of the stories that reaches the audience is negative, while the other one points out the flaws reporting only the good aspects of war. By critically analyzing these two articles, it is possible to gain useful information as to why the news coverage in Iraq are framed as such. The first article is The Real Iraq Story by Karl Zinsmeister. This talks about the bias towards negative news by the foreign news coverage (Zinsmeister, 2004). It cites certain examples of bad news coverage in Iraq. From the plight of detainees in an Iraqi prison to the power shortages in Iraqi towns and cities, foreign news teams like CNN and BBC clearly chose to report on the negative aspects of certain topics. According to Zinmeister, this type of media coverage clearly affects how people around the world see the Iraq war. By showing mostly the negative aspects of the war, people tend to overlook its purpose. By showing the prison conditions of the detainees, the people are more drawn to the cruelties of war, instead of thinking who these detainees were. On the other hand, Phillip Carter’s The dark side of Iraq’s good news talks about the bias on the good news by recent Iraqi reports (Carter, 2007). These are more recent than the bias on negative news by foreign news correspondents, and these were reported by the Iraqi media. These reports are mostly about the declining Iraqi civilian death toll, increasing number of Iraqis joining US military to secure neighborhoods, and the capture of top insurgent leaders. Despite the majority of the good news, the author argues that focusing on these topics may mislead the people. They could develop a false sense of security, which would just worsen their situation. Going back to Zinsmeister article, we can assume that there is a motive behind the mostly negative news coverage. As the war continues, more and more people are starting to oppose it, doubting the intentions of those who are pursuing it. Political leaders like US President George W. Bush attracted the opposition of the international community because of the US occupation of Iraq in relation to his war on terror. If we relate this to the negative news coverage in Iraq, then it is possible that this is one way of opposing those who pursue this war. News coverage like this clearly draws out the sympathy of the people, especially if they continue to see its negative side. On the other hand, the mostly positive Iraqi news coverage could mean the opposite. By reporting only the good news, the media are trying to build up a positive image for Iraq. By reporting every improving statistic and leaving out the negative ones, people can be lulled to believing that indeed, Iraq has improved greatly. However, with mostly the positive news being covered, it seems that the Iraqi media are overdoing it and would appear that they’re just covering up the real scenario (Kelly, 2007). Moreover, this faulty news coverage had the international community thinking: can the Iraqi people really do it? Will they be able to stand on their own after the war? References: Carter, P. (2007). The dark side of Iraqs good news. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. slate. com/id/2177250/ Kelly, M. L. (2007). Good, Bad News in Iraq Intelligence Estimate. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=13920438 Zinsmeister, K. (2004). The Real Iraq Story. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. nationalreview. com/comment/zinsmeister200408040849. asp

H.r. Gieger :: essays research papers

	H.R. Giger was born on February 5, 1940, in Chur, Switzerland. He was raised in a middle class environment, and his dad was a pharmacist. His dad recieved a human skull as a promotional peice from a pharmacy institution when he was very young, and this sparked H.R. Gigers interest in the strange and macabre. His mother encouraged his artistic ability, though she often failed to understand his strange fascinations. In 1953 he attends the cantonal school in Chur (a technical school), and in 1957 attends the Institute Haute Rampe, Lausanne. In 1958 he goes to Alpina College, Davos, and then in 1959 he becomes an apprentice to architect Venatius Maisen, Chur, and the developer Hans Stetter Chur. Later that year he joined the Military College in Winterthur - as a mortar firer with light mobilized troops. And finally in 1962 he attends the School of Applied Arts, Zurich, in the department of Interior and Industrial Design. 	As Giger went through college, he produced many drawings, with ink and other mediums like glue and chalk, and ink paintings with such a large amount of ink that a razor was used to scrape out the details. Underground magazines and the occassional reputational art magazines published many of his work, and eventually one of Giger's freinds helped him create posters. He even had a 10 minute interview done on him by a freind who was a movie director. Soon, Giger began getting work on movies, in creating the monsters and sometimes environments. His residences for the most part were all in condemned buildings, using the wide space for art studios. Giger also began using the airbrush, and has become known as the best aircrush artist in the world. 	After college Giger's interest expanded into sculpturing and he became a master of a very broad amount of mediums. His work uses dark tones, usually black, grey, dark greens, and sometimes dark blues. Light is usually only used in his work to accent the darker tones to the peice. He developed the "biomechanicle" style, where it seems to mix the feel of something living and organic with the technicality of a machine. As a result, his peices are always eerie and often disturbing. His style would be best described as surrealism. 	His two most interesting movie exploits were the series of movies "Aliens", and "Species". One of his sculptures was found by Ridly Scott, Director of Alien, and he decided it was the perfect model for the creature in the movie.

Enhancement Drugs influence the career of professional athletes Essay

Will we be able to barricade ‘Doping’ from intoxicating the world of sports? The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) states that the term doping comes from the Africans word ‘dop,’ a concoction made from grape leaves that Zulu warriors drank before going into battle (as sited in Maxwell, & Melham, 2005, p.1). Today, many athletes worldwide have been found guilty of breaching the Anti Doping Act. Over the years, there has been an increase in the number of drug offenders in sports, as the need to win becomes priority and dope is relayed from athlete to athlete, directly and indirectly. Though not used by all, it is imperative for sports personnel to be educated and be made aware of the health issues such as cardiovascular disease and legal ramifications associated with the use of Performance Enhancement Drugs. The use of performance enhancing drugs improves the athletes’ performance; however, it may endanger the body’s natural mechanism. The body is an organism that is able to carry out its optimal function by how it is treated through the lifestyle, whether sedentary or active, nutritional habits, exercise and hygienic habits of the individual. These are altered by the use of drugs. Many athletes are oblivious to the reality of the grave effects of doping on the body and put themselves at risk for acquiring many potential illnesses, for example, â€Å"cardiovascular and liver disease, infertility in males and females and emotional instability – depression† (Maxwell et al., 2005). These reactions may be evident after prolonged use of drugs as athletes may become dependent. In contrast, enhancement drugs may â€Å"increase the athletes strength, speed, appetite and reduce fatigue† (Arnheim, & Prentice, 2002). These advantages add to the overwhelm... ..., this would lead to chaos, indiscipline, a breakdown in social order and a failure in the ethics of sports. The World Anti doping Agency has joined with the medical team in order to maintain and monitor the standards deemed appropriate by the Anti doping Agencies, to promote healthy sportsmanship for all competitors. Works Cited Arnheim D, & Prentice W, Essentials of Athletic Training (2002) 5th Ed. Chapter 23, pp518-519. New York. Levy L. (2011). Steve Mullings Tested Positive, The Gleaner, pp1. Sec B. Maxwell J, & Mehlman J.D, (2005) Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports: http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com Retrieved: March 2, 2012 Sommerville S, lewis M. (2005) Accidental breaches of the doping regulations in sports: Is there a need to improve the education of sports people: Sports Med, British Journal of Sports Medicine; 39:512-516, doi: 10.1136

Economic Impact of Affordable Care Act Essay

Impact of the Affordable Care Act† The current healthcare system over burdens the economy and is far too costly in comparison to the health benefits it delivers. The United States spends about 50 percent more on healthcare than any other developed country (as a fraction of our total national economy) and we get less for it on what matters. The human capital required to obtain these services leaves many Americans doing without or not receiving the medical treatment required. The Affordable Care Act may be the most controversial legislation in the modern era. It is marketed as healthcare expansion to about thirty million more Americans. The ACA is also designed to do away with some of the unfair elements of the current system. Health insurers currently are able to deny people coverage for â€Å"pre-existing conditions† which makes out of pocket costs out of reach for most Americans. As with any piece of federal lawmaking, the ACA was the product of political compromise among parties and interests. (Turner) However, the ACA should help to improve the GDP in the long run. In the short term period, the increase in economic security for American families will also mean an increase in consumer spending. Many uninsured consumers are forced to set aside money in low interest liquid accounts to make sure they have enough to cover unexpected medical costs. With the security provided by health insurance, they can free that money up for consumption that is much more valuable to them. When the federal government expanded Medicaid in the 1990s, the newly insured significantly increased their spending on consumer goods. (Brodwin) More purchases of consumer goods will provide short-run stimulation to the economy and more hiring. Opponents of the act have countered this theory saying it will freeze hiring in some industries. Some employers may resist hiring new workers, at least partly to avoid the high costs of the law’s mandated health coverage. The health law will require all employers with more than 50 workers to provide health insurance or pay a fine of $2,000 to $3,000 per worker every year. (Yoo) These added costs could result in companies losing the money needed to grow their businesses and hire new workers. It is feared that small business, usually the nation’s most robust job creators, will be hit hardest and many say the requirement would wipe out their profits. It is alleged that the â€Å"slow down† in hiring has already begin in  anticipation of the ACA. The total cost for healthcare in the US is around 16 percent of Gross Domestic Product, known as GDP. What we pay to doctors and insurance companies directly are included in this, as well as what we pay indirectly to Medicare and other programs. 16 cents of every dollar spent on groceries or clothes that will go to he althcare. This is very high in comparison to most other developed countries that pay between 9-12 percent of GDP. The difference in GDP is almost 5 percent, which works out to be more than half the annual federal deficit. The biggest fear associated to the Affordable Care Act is likely about the financing and â€Å"job-killing taxes†. There are three primary sources that the law applies new taxes to. The first is on parts of the health care industry like medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and insurance. (Turner) These areas that are receiving a new tax are being asked to â€Å"kick back† some of the newly created revenue resulted from an increase in paying customers provided by the law. These sectors should benefit on net in a large way. The second is an extension of the Medicare tax on the wealthiest Americans, those with incomes above $250,000 per year. The impact of tax changes on the highest income taxpayers will avoid some of those taxes by re-categorizing their incomes in ways that minimize taxes. There is nothing that suggests that the upper class will actually work less, invest less, or do anything which reduces their â€Å"real contribution† to the economy. The third major tax provision is a â€Å"free rider penalty† of $2000 to $3000 (per employee) on medium and large businesses that fail to provide workers with affordable coverage, forcing those workers to get subsidized insurance via the new insurance exchanges. This will indeed impose a new financial burden on businesses that, unlike competitors, do not pay their fair share of health insurance costs. But the overall impact is likely to be very small. Only 2. 6 percent of businesses will pay this assessment, and the revenue raised will amount to 1. 4 percent of existing spending on health insurance in the U. S. and only 0. 1 percent of wages. ( Turner) The ACA should raise employment numbers for the medical industry in the short run, more than any partial offsets from new taxes on that sector. The ACA should improve the functioning of our labor market in the medium run, by allowing workers to move to the positions in which they are most productive and satisfied without fear of job lock or losing health benefits. The â€Å"economic slowdown† from taxes on the upper class or the small equity payments imposed on employers should be minimal. In the long run there is a good chance the economy will improve by controlling health care cost. The choice between protecting our most vulnerable citizens and improving our economy is a false one. The ACA should do both. Works Cited Brodwin, David. â€Å"How the Affordable Care Act Helps the U. S. Economy. † US News. U. S. News & World Report, 29 Mar. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. Turner, Grace M. â€Å"Pro&Con: Affordable Care Act Will Impose New Burdens on Consumers, Businesses. † SouthCoastToday. com. N. p. , 02 Mar. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2013. Yoo, Saerom. â€Å"Mid-Valley Social Services. † MidValley Social Services Economic Effect of Medicaid Expansion under Affordable Care Act Comments. N. p. , 07 Feb. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2013.